General Health

Heart Health

About Heart Health — General Health.

Blood pressure, cholesterol, heart function and circulation.

19studies analysed

8compounds with evidence

Systematic reviewstrongest evidence

Where research is strongest

Add your outcome — free & pseudonymous

Tried something for Heart Health? Share how it went — only ever published as part of a group of 10+.

9linked compounds

21linked studies

0published community reports

Results By the numbers Community Research Compounds

Headline results for Heart Health.

Figures as the studies reported them.

Colour keyReported a benefitNo clear benefitUnclearPossible harmAmber is for highlights, such as where the most research is. It never means a result was good.

Beetroot

9 of 11 results reported a benefit

5 studies, including a review of trials

Diastolic blood pressure1.21 mm HglowerAverage of 2 results (from 1.1 mm Hg lower to 1.32 mm Hg lower) · 2 reviews of trials3 of 4 results reported a benefit2013 study 1 ↗2017 study 2 ↗
Systolic blood pressure3.98 mm HglowerAverage of 2 results (from 3.55 mm Hg lower to 4.4 mm Hg lower) · 2 reviews of trials5 of 5 results reported a benefit2013 study 1 ↗2017 study 2 ↗

No figure given: 24-hour blood pressure (no clear benefit); Blood pressure (general) (reported a benefit).

Every result

Resveratrol

3 of 9 results reported a benefit

2 studies, including a review of trials

Diastolic blood pressureNo clear difference0.5 mmHg lower1 review of trials2019 study ↗
Mean arterial pressureNo clear difference1.3 mmHg lower1 review of trials2019 study ↗
Systolic blood pressureNo clear difference2.5 mmHg lower1 review of trials2019 study ↗

No figure given: Systolic blood pressure (high-dose and diabetic subgroups) (reported a benefit).

Also measured alongside: Blood-vessel function (flow-mediated dilation) (reported a benefit); Adhesion molecule ICAM-1 (reported a benefit); Adhesion molecule VCAM-1 (no clear benefit); and 2 more.

Every result

Citrulline

17 of 22 results reported a benefit

4 studies, including a review of trials

Aortic systolic blood pressureNo clear difference0.22 mmHg higher1 review of trials4 of 5 results reported a benefit2018 study ↗
Systolic blood pressureNo clear difference0.28 mmHg higher1 review of trials1 of 2 results reported a benefit2018 study ↗
Aortic diastolic blood pressureNo clear difference0.26 mmHg higher1 review of trials2018 study ↗

No figure given: Blood pressure (general) (no clear benefit).

Also measured alongside: Pulse pressure (reported a benefit); Blood sugar (reported a benefit); Muscle oxygen extraction (deoxygenated haemoglobin) (reported a benefit); and 5 more.

1 more measure

NMN

5 of 7 results reported a benefit

3 studies, including a review of trials

Diastolic blood pressure2.15 mmHglower1 review of trials2026 study ↗
Systolic blood pressure (subgroup aged 60 and over)3.94 mmHglower1 review of trials2026 study ↗
Walking distance in artery disease (6-minute walk)17.6 metershigher1 randomised trial2 of 2 results reported a benefit2024 study ↗

No figure given: Systolic blood pressure (no clear benefit).

Also measured alongside: Blood pressure and artery stiffness (unclear); Blood NAD+ levels (reported a benefit).

Every result

Coq10

3 of 6 results reported a benefit

1 review of trials

Heart attacksNo clear difference62% higher risk1 review of trials2021 study ↗
Heart failure hospital admissions38%lower risk than the comparison group1 review of trials2021 study ↗
Heart pumping strength (LVEF)1.77higher, unit not reported1 review of trials2021 study ↗

Also measured alongside: Exercise capacity (unclear).

2 more measures

L Arginine

1 of 12 results reported a benefit

2 randomised trials

Mean arterial pressureNo clear benefit foundL-arginine (L-ARG) did not significantly improve Mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with placebo in Thirty-two.2 randomised trials · no comparable figure reported0 of 2 results reported a benefit2024 study ↗

Also measured alongside: Heart rate (no clear benefit); Heart rate recovery (no clear benefit); Core body temperature (no clear benefit); and 7 more.

Every result

Taurine

2 of 2 results reported a benefit

1 randomised trial, 29 people

Also measured alongside: Artery stiffness (reported a benefit); Oxidative stress marker (MDA) (reported a benefit).

Every result

Urolithin A

1 of 4 results reported a benefit

1 randomised trial, 10 people

Heart structure and pumping (echocardiography)No clear benefit foundmeasurement not reportedUrolithin A (UA) did not significantly improve Echocardiographic measures (LVEF, LVEDD, LVESV, TAPSE) compared with placebo in 10 (two 4- week intervention periods).1 randomised trial2024 study ↗

Also measured alongside: Heart-strain and blood markers (no clear benefit); 'Good' (HDL) cholesterol (reported a benefit); Blood fats (other) (no clear benefit).

Every result

Where the evidence is concentrated.

Published research

Heart Health: findings by compound

What this means: Bars count reported findings, not treatment effectiveness or certainty.

One study may report several findings or appear in more than one pairing. Counts do not show the size of an effect. Comparable numerical estimates are not established for this summary.

View the full data table

Published research: reported directions by pairing
Compound and condition	Findings (count)	Studies (count)	Reported results (finding counts)	How sure?
Beetroot	11	5	Benefit: 9; no benefit: 2; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
Resveratrol	9	2	Benefit: 3; no benefit: 6; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
Citrulline	22	4	Benefit: 17; no benefit: 5; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
NMN	7	3	Benefit: 5; no benefit: 1; harm: 0; unclear: 1; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
Coq10	7	1	Benefit: 3; no benefit: 0; harm: 0; unclear: 4; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
L Arginine	12	2	Benefit: 1; no benefit: 11; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
Taurine	2	1	Benefit: 2; no benefit: 0; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded
Urolithin A	4	1	Benefit: 1; no benefit: 3; harm: 0; unclear: 0; not recorded / unrecognised: 0	Not formally graded

Degree of benefit for Heart Health

Strongest evidence first.

Published research: Heart Health. Study design is not a certainty grade.
Compound	Study designs	Reported findings
BeetrootResearch score 72/100 · Strong	5 systematic reviews/meta-analyses — 5 studies	9/11 outcomes showed benefit Clinical systolic BP5.31 mmHg lowerbenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures -5.31 (95% CI -7.46, -3.16) n=349 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 349 · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effects of beetroot juice on blood pressure in hypertension according to European Society of Hypertension Guidelines: A systematic review and meta-analysis · Systematic Review · systematic-review · PMID 39069465 Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)2.62 mmHg lowerbenefit2021 study ↗ Exact figures -2.62 (95% confidence interval: -3.86 to -1.37; P < 0.005) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation on blood pressure in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 33905826 Systolic blood pressure (SBP)3.9 mmHg lowerbenefit2021 study ↗ Exact figures -3.90 (95% confidence interval: -5.23 to -2.57; P < 0.001) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation on blood pressure in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 33905826 Resting diastolic blood pressure1.32 mm Hg lowerbenefit2017 study ↗ Exact figures -1.32 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.97, -0.68 mm Hg) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: mm Hg · The Nitrate-Independent Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Beetroot Juice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 29141968 +7 more outcomes →
ResveratrolResearch score 22/100 · Mixed/Weak	2 systematic reviews/meta-analyses — 2 studies	3/9 outcomes showed benefit Flow-mediated dilation (FMD)1.43 % higherbenefit2022 study ↗ Exact figures 1.43% (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.88, p < .001) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: % · Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35833325 Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)7.09 ng/ml lowerbenefit2022 study ↗ Exact figures -7.09 ng/ml (95% CI: -7.45 to -6.73, p < .001) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: ng/ml · Resveratrol supplementation efficiently improves endothelial health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35833325 Systolic blood pressure, high-dose (300 mg/day or more) and diabetic subgroupsReported a benefit — measurement not reportedbenefit2019 study ↗ Exact figures No figures reported · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: Not reported · Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 29359958 Diastolic blood pressureNo clear difference (0.5 mmHg lower)no benefit2019 study ↗ Exact figures -0.5 (95% CI:(-2.2, 1.3) mmHg; p=0.613) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 29359958 +5 more outcomes →
CitrullineResearch score 50/100 · Moderate	1 systematic review/meta-analysis + 3 randomised trials — 4 studies	17/22 outcomes showed benefit Aortic systolic blood pressure (change with placebo vs L-citrulline)Fell by 4 mmHg vs 3 mmHg with placebobenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures -4; 3 (p < 0.05) n=22 · Follow-up: 4 weeks · Sample (as reported): 22 · Recorded unit: mmHg · L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38931289 Deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) (change with placebo vs L-citrulline)Fell by 2.76 μM vs 1.03 μM with placebobenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures -2.76; 1.03 (p < 0.05) n=22 · Follow-up: 4 weeks · Sample (as reported): 22 · Recorded unit: μM · L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38931289 Aortic pulse pressure during cold pressor test3 mm Hg lowerbenefit2010 study ↗ Exact figures -3 n=17 · Follow-up: 4 weeks · Sample (as reported): 17 · Recorded unit: mm Hg · Oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 19851298 Aortic systolic blood pressure during cold pressor test4 mm Hg lowerbenefit2010 study ↗ Exact figures -4 n=17 · Follow-up: 4 weeks · Sample (as reported): 17 · Recorded unit: mm Hg · Oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 19851298 +18 more outcomes →
NMNResearch score 52/100 · Moderate	1 systematic review/meta-analysis + 2 randomised trials — 3 studies	5/7 outcomes showed benefit Resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP)2.15 mmHg lowerbenefit2026 study ↗ Exact figures -2.15 mmHg (95% CI: -3.68 to -0.61) n=349 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 349 · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials · Systematic Review · systematic-review · PMID 41901064 Resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) in participants aged 60 years and older3.94 mmHg lowerbenefit2026 study ↗ Exact figures -3.94 mmHg (95% CI: -7.06 to -0.82) · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Not reported · Recorded unit: mmHg · Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials · Systematic Review · systematic-review · PMID 41901064 6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo (6 months)17.6 meters higherbenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures +17.6 (90% CI: +1.8,+∞) n=90 · Follow-up: 6-months · Sample (as reported): 90 · Recorded unit: meters · Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38871717 6-min walk distance, NR alone vs placebo, participants taking at least 75% of pillsImproved by 31 metersbenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures 31.0 n=90 · Follow-up: 6-months · Sample (as reported): 90 · Recorded unit: meters · Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38871717 +3 more outcomes →
Coq10Research score 21/100 · Mixed/Weak	1 systematic review/meta-analysis — 1 study	3/7 outcomes showed benefit Hospitalisation related to heart failure38% lower risk than the comparison groupbenefit2021 study ↗ Exact figures 0.62 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.78) n=1061 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 1061 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35608922 All-cause mortality42% lower risk than the comparison groupbenefit2021 study ↗ Exact figures 0.58 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.95) n=420 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 420 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35608922 Left ventricular ejection fraction — how well the heart pumps1.77 higher, unit not reportedbenefit2021 study ↗ Exact figures 1.77 (95% CI 0.09 to 3.44) n=650 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 650 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35608922 Adverse eventsNo clear difference (30% lower risk)unclear2021 study ↗ Exact figures 0.70 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.10) n=568 · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): 568 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. · Meta-Analysis · meta-analysis · PMID 35608922 +3 more outcomes →
L ArginineResearch score 4/100 · Mixed/Weak	2 randomised trials — 2 studies	1/12 outcomes showed benefit Heart rate recovery (HRR)No clear benefit found — see exact figuresno benefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures (p = 0.944) n=Thirty-two · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Thirty-two · Recorded unit: Not reported · L-Arginine Supplementation Did Not Impact the Rapid Recovery of Cardiovascular and Autonomic Function Following Exercise in Physically Active Healthy Males: A Triple-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 39683461 Root mean square of successive differences in the RR interval (RMSSD30) of heart rate variability (HRV)No clear benefit found — see exact figuresno benefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures (p = 0.562) n=Thirty-two · Follow-up: Not reported · Sample (as reported): Thirty-two · Recorded unit: Not reported · L-Arginine Supplementation Did Not Impact the Rapid Recovery of Cardiovascular and Autonomic Function Following Exercise in Physically Active Healthy Males: A Triple-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 39683461 Heart rateNo clear benefit found — see exact figuresno benefit2016 study ↗ Exact figures (p > 0.05) n=Eight · Follow-up: 90 min · Sample (as reported): Eight · Recorded unit: Not reported · Acute L-arginine supplementation has no effect on cardiovascular or thermoregulatory responses to rest, exercise, and recovery in the heat · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 26563117 Plasma L-ARG concentrations223% increasebenefit2016 study ↗ Exact figures +223 ± 80% n=Eight · Follow-up: 90 min · Sample (as reported): Eight · Recorded unit: Not reported · Acute L-arginine supplementation has no effect on cardiovascular or thermoregulatory responses to rest, exercise, and recovery in the heat · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 26563117 +8 more outcomes →
TaurineResearch score 44/100 · Limited	1 randomised trial — 1 study	2/2 outcomes showed benefit Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)Reported a benefit — see exact figuresbenefit2016 study ↗ Exact figures (p < 0.05) n=29 · Follow-up: 14 days · Sample (as reported): 29 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Taurine supplementation attenuates delayed increase in exercise-induced arterial stiffness. · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 27163699 Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) — a marker of oxidative cell damageReported a benefit — see exact figuresbenefit2016 study ↗ Exact figures (p < 0.05) n=29 · Follow-up: 14 days · Sample (as reported): 29 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Taurine supplementation attenuates delayed increase in exercise-induced arterial stiffness. · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 27163699
Urolithin AResearch score 11/100 · Mixed/Weak	1 randomised trial — 1 study	1/4 outcomes showed benefit Serum HDL-C levels — 'good' cholesterol6.46 mg/dL higherbenefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures +6.46 (p =0.026) n=10 · Follow-up: two 4- week intervention periods · Sample (as reported): 10 · Recorded unit: mg/dL · Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38415449 Echocardiographic measures (LVEF, LVEDD, LVESV, TAPSE)No clear benefit found — measurement not reportedno benefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures n=10 · Follow-up: two 4- week intervention periods · Sample (as reported): 10 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38415449 Other lipid indices (LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C) — 'bad' cholesterolNo clear benefit found — see exact figuresno benefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures (p >0.05) n=10 · Follow-up: two 4- week intervention periods · Sample (as reported): 10 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38415449 Plasma concentrations of pro-BNP, glucose, and CRP — a blood marker of inflammationNo clear benefit found — see exact figuresno benefit2024 study ↗ Exact figures (p >0.05) n=10 · Follow-up: two 4- week intervention periods · Sample (as reported): 10 · Recorded unit: Not reported · Evaluation of Urolithin A Efficacy in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial · Randomized Controlled Trial · rct · PMID 38415449

Important: This page reflects observational, aggregate-only community reporting and independent published research. It is not medical advice, and it does not claim any compound treats, cures, or is effective for any condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or treatment.

No community reports published yet.

We publish heart health results only once at least 10 people report on the same compound, so no individual report is ever shown.

Beetroot
Research saysResearch score 72/100 · Strong5 of 5 studies reported at least one benefit
People reportNot published yet — needs 10 or more reports
NMN
Research saysResearch score 52/100 · Moderate3 of 3 studies reported at least one benefit
People reportNot published yet — needs 10 or more reports
Citrulline
Research saysResearch score 50/100 · Moderate3 of 4 studies reported at least one benefit
People reportNot published yet — needs 10 or more reports
Taurine
Research saysResearch score 44/100 · Limited1 of 1 study reported at least one benefit
People reportNot published yet — needs 10 or more reports

Used something for heart health? Share how it went — only ever published in a group of 10 or more.

Add your outcome

Peer-reviewed research.

Every study behind the numbers above is linked next to its result.

19 more papers, not summarised above

Strongest evidence first.

01Taurine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysisWang K, et al. · BMC infectious diseases · 2026

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 41803812 ↗02Energy Drinks as the Legal Cocaine? A Comparative Review of Cardiac Physiopathological and Histopathological PatternsGhamlouch A, et al. · Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 41266869 ↗03Evaluating the efficacy of ubiquinol in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysisQazi SU, et al. · Future cardiology · 2024

Meta-Analysis · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 39049769 ↗04Insights into the cardiovascular benefits of taurine: a systematic review and meta-analysisTzang CC, et al. · Nutrition journal · 2024

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 39148075 ↗05Drug therapy versus placebo or usual care for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest; a systematic review with meta-analysisMcGuigan PJ, et al. · Resuscitation · 2024

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 39547562 ↗06Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular RiskAn P, et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 36480969 ↗07Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on fatigue: A systematic review of interventional studiesMehrabani S, et al. · Complementary therapies in medicine · 2019

Systematic Review · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 30935528 ↗08Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxiaKearney M, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016

Meta-Analysis · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 27572719 ↗09Statin therapy and plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations--A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trialsBanach M, et al. · Pharmacological research · 2015

Meta-Analysis · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 26192349 ↗10Treatment for mitochondrial disordersPfeffer G, et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012

Meta-Analysis · matched via Heart Health · PubMed record (CORPUS-A)

PMID 22513923 ↗11Combined Aerobic-Resistance Training and Taurine Supplementation Reduce Asprosin and Elevate Spexin in Men with Obesity: A 12-Week Supplement-Blinded, Randomized Controlled TrialSaedmocheshi S, et al. · Nutrients · 2026